{"id":13920,"date":"2021-11-10T06:00:50","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T06:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/?p=13920"},"modified":"2021-11-10T09:14:59","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T09:14:59","slug":"azolla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/?p=13920","title":{"rendered":"Azolla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Palabras-na-paisaxe-167-Azolla.-Imaxe.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13921\" alt=\"Palabras  na paisaxe 167 Azolla. Imaxe\" src=\"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Palabras-na-paisaxe-167-Azolla.-Imaxe-300x186.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Palabras-na-paisaxe-167-Azolla.-Imaxe-300x186.jpg 300w, http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Palabras-na-paisaxe-167-Azolla.-Imaxe-1024x635.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Palabras-na-paisaxe-167-Azolla.-Imaxe-900x558.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><em><strong>Xulio Guti\u00e9rrez.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Non \u00e9 normal que un fento medre na auga, pero <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><i>Azolla filiculoides<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">non \u00e9 un fento com\u00fan. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Chegou de sudam\u00e9rica hai uns anos e chegou <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">para quedarse. \u00c9 unha das expecies ex\u00f3ticas invasoras m\u00e1is estendidas do mundo porque combatela \u00e9 dif\u00edcil, caro e, ao cabo, in\u00fatil.<!--more--><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As follas <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">esponxosas <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">de Azolla <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">perm\u00edtenlle aboiar na agua. S<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">on diminutas, do<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> tama\u00f1o dunha u\u00f1a e m<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">edran<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> formando un denso manto averdado. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Non se pode negar que \u00e9 unha planta fermosa. A<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">s follas amosan unha bonita cor <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">verde brillante que se torna rosa, vermello ou marr\u00f3n escuro cando acadan a madurez.\u00a0Por iso foi tan popular para adornar acuarios. Pero infelizmente alg\u00fans exemplares acabaron accidentalmente en r\u00edos e lagos.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">As invasi\u00f3ns de Azolla son rapid\u00edsimas. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Se as condici\u00f3ns de luz e nutrientes son axeitadas p<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">ode chegar a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">duplicar a s\u00faa biomasa en tres d\u00edas. N<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">on deixa de medrar ata que <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">forma un tapiz flotante<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> que cobre <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">completamente a masa de auga onde se instala. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Nesa altura causa unha desfeita tremenda. Impide o paso dos raios de luz e i<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">sto provoca a morte do fitoplancto e a desaparici\u00f3n de anfibios, peixes e outras especies vexetais.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Tam\u00e9n produce moit\u00edsimas follas mortas <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">que se afunden nas augas e, ao apodreceren, consomen o pouco os\u00edxeno que puidese quedar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Azolla \u00e9 extremadamente dif\u00edcil de eliminar porque pode reproducirse a partir de pequenos fragmentos das follas ou mediante esporas. Se <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">quedan adheridos \u00e1s patas dunha ave acu\u00e1tica, como un parrulo, pode ser transportada<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> a grandes distancias.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pt-PT\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Azolla non gusta das augas con poucos nutrientes (oligotr\u00f3ficas, din os cient\u00edficos) e tampouco gusta do fr\u00edo porque \u00e9 unha planta tropical. En inverno case desaparece da vista, a\u00ednda que as esporas que deixa na auga permiten que reapareza ao volver a calor. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En numerosos pa\u00edses est\u00e1 clasificada como \u201cespecie invasora agresiva\u201d. Hoxe en Espa\u00f1a est\u00e1 prohibida a s\u00faa introducci\u00f3n no medio natural, as\u00ed como a s\u00faa posesi\u00f3n, comercio e transporte. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Con todo, Azolla tam\u00e9n ten d\u00faas propiedades interesantes. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A primeira \u00e9 que captura nitr\u00f3xeno atmosf\u00e9rico grazas a que vive en simbiose coa <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">bacteria fixadora <\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Anabaena azollae<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0E a segunda que absorbe metais t\u00f3xicos sen sufrir danos. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Baixo un estricto control,<\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> Azolla<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0util\u00edzase para <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">tratar auga contaminada con cromo, n\u00edquel, cobre, zinc ou chumbo<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. Una vez capturados os contaminantes, coll\u00e9itanse os fentos, s\u00e9canse e depos\u00edtanse nun vertedoiro de substancias perigosas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En China e Vietnam sementan <\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Azolla<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">nos campos inundados nos que se vai cultivar arroz. Antes de plantar o cereal secan os campos para que morran os fentos e acheguen nutrientes nitroxenados \u00e1 terra. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Esta forma de <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">abonado ecol\u00f3xico evita o uso de grandes cantidades de fertilizantes industriais.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Resulta curioso que Azolla sexa unha planta prexudicial nuns lugares, onde altera profundamente os ecosistemas, e sexa \u00fatil noutros sitios favorecendo a agricultura ecol\u00f3xica e a biorremediaci\u00f3n de verteduras t\u00f3xicas. Isto acontece con outras moitas especies, que poden resultar beneficiosas ou nocivas dependendo do ambiente no que se desenvolvan. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pero a\u00ednda hai m\u00e1is. U<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">nha especie antiga de Azolla causou un evento clim\u00e1tico global hai 49 mill\u00f3ns de anos. Daquela, o \u00c1rtico era unha masa de auga doce e non ti\u00f1a xeo. Azolla invad\u00edu unha superficie de 4 mill\u00f3ns de kil\u00f3metros cadrados deste mar e retirou tanto <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">di\u00f3xido de carbono da atmosfera que arrefriou todo o planeta. Non foi ata que o mar \u00c1rtico se volveu salgado que os fentos morreron e as temperaturas se normaliz\u00e1ron. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"es-ES-u-co-trad\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Vaia co fento!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xulio Guti\u00e9rrez.\u00a0Non \u00e9 normal que un fento medre na auga, pero Azolla filiculoidesnon \u00e9 un fento com\u00fan. Chegou de sudam\u00e9rica hai uns anos e chegou para quedarse. \u00c9 unha das expecies ex\u00f3ticas invasoras m\u00e1is estendidas do mundo porque combatela \u00e9 dif\u00edcil, caro e, ao cabo, in\u00fatil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[39,7,48],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13920"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13920"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13973,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13920\/revisions\/13973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cafebarbantia.barbantia.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}